Aliyah Bet List 1

List # Name Voyage GRT/Blt Arrived Result Passengers onboard
1934 Experimental Sailings
1 Velos 1 117/1906 25-Aug-34 undetected 350
2 Union 28-Aug-34 undetected 117
3 Velos 2 117/1905 not turned back 318
1937 Sailings Resume
4 Kosta 50/unk 13-Apr-37 undetected 16
5 Artemisia 221/1894 10-Sep-37 undetected 68
6 Poseidon 1 60/unk 12-Jan-38 undetected 65
12 Mar 1938 Nazis occupy Austria
7 Panormitis Mar-38 undetected 96
8 Artemisia 1 221/1894 25-Apr-38 undetected 128
9 Poseidon 2 60/unk 23-May-38 undetected 65
10 Artemisia 221/1894 Jun-38 undetected 386
11 Draga 1 643/1918 tfrd to #12 tfrd to #12 246
12 Artemisia 221/1894 246 undetected 246
13 Atrato 1 663/1911 30-Nov-38 undetected 300
14 Draga 2 643/1918 Trfd to #15 544
15 Elli 1114/1890 Dec-38 undetected 620
16 Chepo 1 1047/1898 18-Dec-38 undetected 734
17 Delpa 153/1878 Jan-39 undetected 224
18 Atrato 2 663/1911 15-Jan-39 undetected 300
19 Katina 951/1892 16-Feb-39 undetected 773
20 Artemisia 221/1894 6-Feb-39 captured 237
21 Atrato 3 663/1911 20-Feb-39 undetected 300
22 Chepo 2 1047/1898 10-Mar-39 wrecked 750
23 Astir 1350/1896 2-Apr-39 turned back 699
23A Frixos 1913 sank
24 Sandu 547/1910 21-Mar-39 turned back 269
25 Atrato 4 663/1911 15-Mar-39 undetected 378
14 Mar 1939 Nazis occupy Czechoslovakia
26 Aghia Zoni 1227/1899 22-Apr-39 undetected 600
27 Aghios Nicolaos 1 1106/1899 31-Mar-39 turned back 687
28 Assimi 722/1905 11-Apr-39 turned back 369
29 Panagia Conasterio 59/unk 16-Apr-39 arrested 176
30 Atrato 5 663/1911 23-Apr-39 undetected 388
31 Atrato 6 663/1911 30-Apr-39 undetected 337
32 Aghios Nicolaos 2 1106/1899 18-May-39 undetected 600
33 Liesel 1090/1901 3-Jun-39 arrested 906
17 May 1939, British White Paper issued
34 Colorado 1 626/1918 14-Jun-39 transferred 379
35 Atrato 7 663/1911 28-May-39 arrested 430
36 Kraljica Marija 8-Jun-39 undetected 350
37 Frossoula 1282/1903 Aug-39 transferred 658
38 Dimitrios 35/unk 7-Jun-39 undetected 244
39 Marsis 100/unk 28-Jun-39 arrested 724
40 Las Perlas 389/1890 1-Jul-39 arrested 370
41 Aghios Nicolaos 3 1106/1899 3-Jul-39 undetected 693
42 Rim 511/1919 3-Jul-39 wrecked 801
43 Parita 939/1881 23-Aug-39 ran aground 850
44 Colorado 2 626/1918 28-Jul-39 arrested 378
45 Dora 584/1898 12-Aug-39 undetected 500
46 Rudnitchar 1 269/1872 18-Aug-39 undetected 305
47 Tiger Hill 1499/1897 1-Sep-39 ran aground 1417
48 Aghios Nicolaos 4 1106/1899 19-Aug-39 undetected 809
49 Osiris / Syros 14-Aug-39 overland 593
50 Tripoli Aug-39 overland 700
51 Krotova 650
52 Noemijulia 2499/1895 19-Sep-39 arrested 1136
53 Rudnitchar 2 269/1872 19-Sep-39 undetected 368
1 Sep 1939 Germans invade Poland; start of World War II
54 Kladovo Group never arrived 1100
55 Rudnitchar 3 269/1872 14-Nov-39 undetected 457
56 Rudnitchar 4 269/1872 8-Jan-40 undetected 505
57 Hilda 792/1884 24-Jan-40 arrested 729
58 Sakarya 2612/1888 13-Feb-40 arrested 2175
59 Libertad 90/unk 18-Jul-40 arrested 380
10 Jun 1940 Italy enters the war; Mediterranean now a war zone.
60 Pentcho 243/1907 9-Oct-40 wrecked 514
61 Atlantic 1003/1885 24-Nov-40 arrested 1771
62 Pacific 563/1880 1-Nov-40 arrested 1000
63 Milos 572/1878 3-Nov-40 arrested 880
64 Salvador 65/1912 12-Dec-40 wrecked 327
65 Darien II 459/1892 19-Mar-41 arrested 878
66 Hainarul Apr-41 wrecked 19
67 Crai Nou 12/unk 21-Jun-41 overland 12
68 Struma 240/1867 16-Dec-41 sunk 790
69 Euxenia 12/unk 24-Apr-42 wrecked 13
70 Mihai 9/unk 8-May-42 overland 19
71 Mircea 20-May-42 overland 34
72 Dor de Val Jul 1942 wrecked 20
73 Dora 16-Sep-42 wrecked 15
74 Viitorul 46/unk 4-Oct-42 wrecked 120
75 Europa 15/unk 1942 wrecked 21
76 Lily 132/unk Jul-43 overland 30
1944 sailings from Romania to Istanbul
77 Milka 1 111/1943 31-Mar-44 overland 410
78 Maritza 1 180/1918 12-Apr-44 overland 244
79 Belasitza Apr-44 overland 273
80 Milka 2 111/1943 4-May-44 overland 433
81 Maritza 2 180/1918 22-May-44 overland 266
82 Kazbek 9-Jul-44 overland 725
83 Morina 49/unk 6-Aug-44 overland 308
84 Bulbul 8-Aug-44 overland 410
85 Mefkure 52/unk 5-Aug-44 sunk 350
86 Salah el-din 115/1931 Aug-44 overland 547
87 Tari 4026/1905 Dec-44 overland 958
27 Aug 1945 1300 people deported to Mauritius in 1940 were returned to Palestine (see Atlantic, No.61).

Selected Bibliography:

Aharoni, Reuben, Leaning Masts: Ships of Jewish Illegal Immigration and Arms after World War II, 1997. (Hebrew)

Avriel, Ehud, Open the Gates! The Dramatic Personal Story of “Illegal” Immigration to Israel. New York: Atheneum, 1975. The author was a principal operator of the Mossad. Preface by Golda Meir.

Frantz, Douglas & Catherine Collins, Death on the Black Sea: the Untold Story of the Struma and World War II’s Holocaust at Sea. New York: Ecco: HarperCollins, 2003. Illustrated. A comprehensive study of the Struma catastrophe. Complete list of passengers.

Habas, Bracha, The Gate Breakers. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1963. No index. Translated from Hebrew by David Segal; illustrated by Anna Walinska.

Kimche, Jon & David, The Secret Roads: The “Illegal” Migration of a People 1938-1948.London, Secker & Warburg, 1954.

Klüger (Aliav), Ruth & Peggy Mann, The Last Escape: the Launching of the Largest Secret Rescue Movement of All Time. Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1973. The author was a member of Mossad personally involved in operations in Romania and Turkey. The book describes her involvement in the Tiger Hill and Darien sailings. Much is based on personal accounts. No index.

Lazar, Chaim, Despite It All. New York: Shengold Publishers, 1984. A history of illegal Jewish immigration as inspired by Jabotinsky 1930-1944 No index. Translated from Hebrew by Goldie Wachsman.

Naor, Mordechai, Haapala: Clandestine Immigration 1931-1948 Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defence Publishing House, 1987. An introduction to the subject. Translated from Hebrew.

Ofer, Dalia, Escaping the Holocaust: Illegal Immigration to the Land of Israel, 1939-1944. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. Revised English version of Derech Bayam, published in Jerusalem in 1988. A scholarly work by a member of the faculty of Hebrew University, covering all facets of Aliyah Bet during World War II.

Ofer, Dalia & Weiner, Hannah, Dead-End Journey: the Tragic Story of the Kladovo-Šabac Group. Studies in the Shoah, volume XIV. New York: University Press of America, 1996. Translated from Hebrew by Anna Barber. The Kladovo group left Vienna in 1939 but were marooned in Yugoslavia and were murdered there by the Nazis in 1941.

Perl, William, Operation Action: Rescue from the Holocaust. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1983. Illustrated. The author was actively involved in Aliyah Bet in Vienna in 1938-39.

Rohwer, Jürgen, Die Versenkung der jüdischen Flüchtlingstransporter Struma und Mefkure im Schwarzen Meer (Februar 1942, August 1944). Frankfurt am Main: Bernard & Graefe Verlag, 1965. In German. Describes the activities of Jewish emigration from Romania 1941-44.

Steiner, Erich Gershon, The Story of the Patria. New York: Holocaust Library, 1982. No index. Translated from Hebrew by Dinah Cohen. The author was a leader of the refugees on the Milos; the characters are fictional.

Stewart, Ninian, The Royal Navy and the Palestine Patrol. London: Frank Cass, 2002. The author describes how the Royal Navy confronted the problem of illegal immigration.

Trevor, Daphne, Under the White Paper: Some Aspects of British Administration in Palestine from 1939 to 1947. Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Press, 1948. The early chapters cover immigration from 1939 to 1942.

Wasserstein, Bernard, Britain and the Jews of Europe 1939-1945. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1979. The author is a professor of history now at the University of Chicago.

New York Times

Palestine Post

Lloyd’s Confidential Index

Location of some passenger lists:
BeNetivei Ha’apala (In the Path of Immigration) The Illegal Immigration Database

http://www.shimur.co.il/show_item.asp?itemId=663&levelId=46221

http://www.shimur.org/english/files/wordocs/Questionnaire%20English.doc

British Archives, C.O. 733/466 Mauritius deportees

CO 733/466 Astir

Jabotinsky Institute Sakarya, Pencho

Lekarov V’larahok various ships1945-1947

(see Avotaynu XIV no.2, Summer 1998)

Death on the Black Sea, Frantz & Collins Struma

The Jews’ Secret Fleet, Hochstein Crew members of American ships 1946-48.

The Atlit Internment Camp has a website and an e-mail address, phone numbers and regular mailing address. Forms can be downloaded from the website, http://www.shimur.co.il/english/index-e.html

Atlit Internment Camp
POB 189
Atlit 30350
Israel
Tel.: +972-4-9841980
Fax: +972-4-9842814
e-mail: shimurm@netvision.net.il
website: www.shimur.co.il